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Zacharias Janssen (also Zacharias Jansen or Sacharias Jansen) (1585 – pre-1632〔birth dates range from 1580 to 1588, death given as late as 1638〕) was a Dutch spectacle-maker from Middelburg associated with the invention of the first optical telescope. Janssen is sometimes also credited for inventing the first truly compound microscope. However, the origin of the microscope, just like the origin of the telescope, is a matter of debate. ==Biography== Zacharias Janssen was born in The Hague. Local records seem to indicate he was born in 1585〔lbert Van Helden, Sven Dupre, Rob Van Gent, The Origins of the Telescope - 2011, page 28〕 although a date of birth as early as 1580〔David Whitehouse, Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei & His Legacy to Modern Science - 2009, page 67〕 or as late a 1588 are also given.〔Ari Ben-Menahem, Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences - Volume 1 - 2009, page 5294〕 His parents were Hans Martens〔Source: a book by Huib J. Zuidervaart which is to be published in the spring of 2008. The Public Observatory Philippus Lansbergen in Middelburg has already been shown a first version of this book.〕 (who may have had the occupation of a peddler)〔(David Whitehouse, Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei & His Legacy to Modern Science, pages 67 )〕 and Maeyken Meertens, both probably from Antwerp, Belgium. He grew up with his sister Sara in Middelburg, at the time the second most important city of the Netherlands. He was known as a "street seller" who was constantly in trouble with the local authorities.〔 He himself stated he was born in The Hague on the marriage file of his first marriage, with Catharina de Haene, on October 23, 1610. When this file was refound by Cornelis de Waard in 1906, De Waard found the following excerpt: ''Sacharias Jansen, j.g. uut Den Haag'', "Zacharias Jansen, bachelor from The Hague"〔 Before, it was often thought that Janssen was a native of Middelburg. In 1612, Zacharias and Catharina had a son they named Johannes Zachariassen. In 1615 Zacharias was appointed guardian of two children of Lowys Lowyssen "''geseyt Henricxen brilmakers''" (''called Henry the spectacle maker''). It is surmised that Zacharias also took possession of Lowys Lowyssen's spectacle making tools because the first record of Zacharias Janssen being a spectacle maker appears in 1616〔Earth-Bound to Satellite: Telescopes, Skills and Networks edited by Alison D. Morrison-Low page 60〕 The family had to move to Arnemuiden in 1618 after Zacharias' counterfeiting activities were exposed. There Zacharias' was again accused of counterfeiting in 1619 causing him to be on the move again, ending up back in Middleburg in 1621.〔Albert Van Helden, Sven Dupre, Rob van Gent, Huib Zuidervaart, The Origins of the Telescope, KNAW Press, 2010, page 24〕 A year after the death of Janssen's first wife in 1624, he married Anna Couget from Antwerp, who was the widow of a Willem Jansen (probably a relative of Janssen). He moved to Amsterdam in November 1626 with a profession of a spectacle maker but was bankrupt by 1628. Janssen has been given a death date as late as 1638〔 although his sister said he was dead in 1632 testimony〔 and his son Johannes declared his parents had died by the time of his marriage in April 1632.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zacharias Janssen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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